Vitalik: Ethereum will continue to promote a number of "hard rules" to enhance security and protocol efficiency

According to Foresight News, Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin tweeted that Ethereum has effectively improved the security and long-term adaptability of the protocol by continuously introducing a number of "hard rules" in recent years. 2021: EIP-2929 and EIP-3529, increase storage read costs and reduce gas returns; 2024: With the Dencun upgrade, contract destruction instructions are weakened; 2025: Set a gas fee limit of 16,777,216 million for a single transaction.

Such changes set clear upper limits on the maximum processing capacity of a single block and a single transaction, helping to avoid multiple types of denial-of-service attacks, simplify client implementation, and provide more room for improving system efficiency. Next, it is expected that more hard restrictions will need to be introduced, including: limiting the total bytes of accessible code (increasing the cost of calling large contracts in the short term, adopting a binary tree structure and charging by data blocks in the medium term); setting the maximum computing cycle of the validator for zero-knowledge EVM and adjusting the cost simultaneously; adjusting the memory billing method to set a clearer upper limit for the maximum memory consumption of EVM.

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